BTC—ETH—

Ledger All ledgers

Key Compromise hacks

162 incidents classified as Key Compromise, with $8.96bn in known losses.

$8.96bn lost across 162 incidents, 12.1% of the ledger

Largest: LuBian ($3.50bn), Ronin Bridge ($624.0m), Coincheck ($534.0m).

Known losses by year: Key CompromiseThe tallest bar is cut to fit, and its value is printed on it.
DateTargetLostTypeMethodReturned
27 Oct 2026Zilliqa X-Bridge—DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
21 Oct 2026Swell—DeFi ProtocolHot Wallet Key Compromised—
21 Oct 2026CoinDCX$16.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
17 Oct 2026Qubic$1.3mWalletWeak Key Generation—
24 Sept 2026Bitget$387.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
19 Sept 2026Fetch.ai$1.5mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
19 Sept 2026NuNet$462,730TokenPrivate Key Compromised—
10 Sept 2026Dominion—DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
08 Sept 2026WealthManagementV2$26,414DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
28 Aug 2026Fogo Foundation$3.0mFoundationPrivate Key Compromised—
23 Aug 2026Surf Lending$0DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
06 Aug 2026Hyperliquid Malaysia—WalletPrivate Key Compromised—
06 Aug 2026RRWallet$2.0mWalletWeak Key Generation—
05 Aug 2026KITE Foundation$13.3mWalletPrivate Key Compromised—
31 Jul 2026COLDCARD$116.0mWalletWeak Key Generation—
30 Jul 2026Swan Treasury$625,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
24 Jul 2026Triple-A$9.7mPaymentsHot Wallet Key Compromised—
22 Jul 2026AFX Bridge$24.1mDeFi ProtocolValidator Key Compromised—
22 Jul 2026Zilliqa$1.6mChainWeak Key Generation—
15 Jul 2026TeleSwap$735,000DeFi ProtocolHot Wallet Key Compromised—
15 Jul 2026Ostium$23.8mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
23 Jun 2026SecondFi$2.4mWalletWeak Key Generation—
08 Jun 2026Humanity$32.0mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
31 May 2026Fluid Lending$215,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
30 May 2026Gravity Bridge$5.4mDeFi ProtocolValidator Key Compromised—
27 May 2026Stake DAO Yield$91,000DeFi ProtocolDeployer Key Compromised—
23 May 2026StablR$2.8mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
22 May 2026Polymarket$700,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
18 May 2026Echo Bridge$821,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
30 Apr 2026Wasabi Perps$5.5mDeFi ProtocolDeployer Key Compromised—
21 Apr 2026Volo Vault$3.5mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
16 Apr 2026Grinex$13.7mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
21 Feb 2026IoTeX$4.4mDeFi ProtocolValidator Key Compromised—
31 Jan 2026Step Finance$40.0mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
05 Jan 2026USDGambit and TLP$1.5mDeFi ProtocolDeployer Key Compromised—
30 Dec 2025Unleash Protocol$3.9mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
07 Nov 2025DIMO$40,000DeFi ProtocolDeployer Key Compromised—
21 Oct 2025DoodiPals$171,000TokenPrivate Key Compromised—
19 Oct 2025Astra Nova$9.1mAI AgentPrivate Key Compromised—
24 Sept 2025SBI Crypto$21.0mOtherHot Wallet Key Compromised—
23 Sept 2025Seedify$1.2mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
14 Sept 2025Yala$7.6mTokenDeployer Key Compromised—
13 Sept 2025Shibarium$4.1mDeFi ProtocolValidator Key Compromised—
10 Sept 2025Evoq Finance$420,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
14 Aug 2025BtcTurk$48.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
04 Aug 2025CrediX$4.5mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
19 Jul 2025CoinDCX$44.2mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
20 Jun 2025Hacken Token$250,000OtherPrivate Key Compromised—
15 May 2025Zunami Protocol$500,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
15 Apr 2025ZKsync$5.0mOtherPrivate Key Compromised—
21 Mar 2025Zoth ZeUSD$8.8mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
14 Mar 2025Berally$90,000DeFi ProtocolDeployer Key Compromised—
28 Feb 2025Wemix$6.2mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
24 Feb 2025Infini$49.5mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
23 Jan 2025Phemex$85.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
08 Jan 2025Orange Finance$840,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
08 Jan 2025Moby$1.5mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
28 Nov 2024XT Exchange$1.7mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
16 Nov 2024DEXX$21.0mWalletPrivate Key Compromised—
08 Nov 2024CoinPoker$2.0mGamingHot Wallet Key Compromised—
31 Oct 2024M2 Exchange$13.7mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
30 Oct 2024SUNRAY·FINANCE$2.9mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
24 Oct 2024US Government Crypto Wallet$20.0mOtherPrivate Key Compromised—
20 Sept 2024BingX$43.3mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
16 Sept 2024DeltaPrime$6.0mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
11 Jul 2024OPSEC$100,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
22 Jun 2024BtcTurk$54.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
04 Jun 2024Lykke$22.4mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
16 May 2024pump.fun$1.9mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
29 Apr 2024Rain$14.8mCEXPrivate Key Compromised—
09 Apr 2024xBlast$84,500TokenHot Wallet Key Compromised—
17 Mar 2024Remilia$6.0mNFTfiPrivate Key Compromised—
15 Mar 2024NFPrompt$3.0mNFTfiPrivate Key Compromised—
15 Mar 2024Mozaic$2.0mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
12 Mar 2024Polyhedra Network$760,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
29 Feb 2024Shido$3.3mOtherPrivate Key Compromised—
09 Feb 2024PlayDapp$290.0mDeFi ProtocolHot Wallet Key Compromised—
25 Jan 2024Saga$65,800DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
06 Jan 2024CoinsPaid$7.5mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
30 Dec 2023Locus Finance$321,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
13 Dec 2023OKX DEX$2.7mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
22 Nov 2023Heco Bridge$86.6mDeFi ProtocolHot Wallet Key Compromised—
22 Nov 2023HTX$13.6mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
11 Nov 2023Samudai$1.3mDeFi ProtocolHot Wallet Key Compromised—
09 Nov 2023CoinSpot$2.4mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
25 Sept 2023HTX$8.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
12 Sept 2023CoinEx$55.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
04 Sept 2023Stake.com$41.3mOtherHot Wallet Key Compromised—
08 Aug 2023Steadefi$1.2mDeFi ProtocolDeployer Key Compromised—
26 Jul 2023AlphaPo$60.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
07 Jul 2023Multichain$126.0mDeFi ProtocolValidator Key Compromised—
12 Jun 2023Keep3r Network$200,000DeFi ProtocolWeak Key Generation—
14 Apr 2023Bitrue$23.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
08 Apr 2023GDAC$13.9mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
24 Dec 2022Defrost$12.0mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised$6.0m
03 Dec 2022Ratio Finance—DeFi ProtocolKey Brute Forced—
02 Nov 2022Rubic$1.2mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
01 Nov 2022Deribit$28.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
28 Oct 2022FriesDAO$2.3mDeFi ProtocolWeak Key Generation—
17 Oct 2022LiveArtX$39,000NFTfiHot Wallet Key Compromised—
11 Oct 2022QANplatform$2.0mDeFi ProtocolWeak Key Generation—
07 Sept 2022GERA$1.5mDeFi ProtocolDeployer Key Compromised—
01 Aug 2022ZB Exchange$4.8mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
16 Jul 2022Impermax$9.0mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
12 Jul 2022Citizen Finance$94,300DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
23 Jun 2022Harmony Bridge$100.0mDeFi ProtocolValidator Key Compromised—
18 May 2022QANX Bridge$707,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
07 Apr 2022WonderHero$320,000GamingHot Wallet Key Compromised—
23 Mar 2022Ronin Bridge$624.0mDeFi ProtocolValidator Key Compromised—
17 Feb 2022TopGoal$1.1mGamingHot Wallet Key Compromised—
10 Feb 2022Dego Finance$10.0mDeFi ProtocolDeployer Key Compromised—
10 Jan 2022Lympo$18.7mNFTfiHot Wallet Key Compromised—
13 Dec 2021Vulcan Forged$140.0mDeFi ProtocolHot Wallet Key Compromised—
11 Dec 2021AscenDEX$77.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
04 Dec 2021BitMart$196.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
30 Oct 2021BXH$139.0mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
29 Aug 2021Bilaxy$21.7mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
19 Aug 2021Liquid Global$91.3mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
10 Jul 2021Multichain$7.9mCEXWeak Key Generation—
21 Jun 2021StakeHound / Fireblocks$72.0mDeFi ProtocolKey Brute Forced—
06 Jun 2021Fetch.ai$2.6mCEXPrivate Key Compromised—
17 May 2021FinNexus$7.0mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
14 Mar 2021Roll$5.7mDeFi ProtocolHot Wallet Key Compromised—
01 Mar 2021Seascape$500,000DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
01 Feb 2021Cryptopia$45,000CEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
28 Dec 2020LuBian$3.50bnOtherWeak Key Generation—
21 Dec 2020Exmo$10.5mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
08 Dec 2020Aeternity$5.2mChainValidator Key Compromised—
08 Nov 2020Grin—ChainValidator Key Compromised—
30 Oct 2020EtherCrash$2.5mDeFi ProtocolHot Wallet Key Compromised—
29 Sept 2020KuCoin$281.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
08 Sept 2020Eterbase$5.4mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
23 Jan 2020Bitcoin Gold$70,000Layer 1Validator Key Compromised—
14 Dec 2019VeChain$6.5mLayer 1Private Key Compromised—
02 Dec 2019Vertcoin$29Layer 1Validator Key Compromised—
27 Nov 2019Upbit$49.3mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
28 Sept 2019Chain Fusion$6.4mDeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
06 Jun 2019GateHub$9.5mCEXPrivate Key Compromised—
24 May 2019Poker EOS—DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
07 May 2019Binance$40.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
29 Mar 2019Bithumb$19.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
14 Jan 2019Cryptopia$16.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
12 Nov 2018HireVibes AirDropsDAC$13,600DeFi ProtocolPrivate Key Compromised—
14 Sept 2018Zaif$60.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
26 Jul 2018KICKICO$7.7mDeFi ProtocolHot Wallet Key Compromised—
09 Jul 2018Bancor V3$23.5mDeFi ProtocolHot Wallet Key Compromised—
21 Apr 2018Gate$235.0mCEXPrivate Key Compromised—
12 Apr 2018Coinsecure$3.3mCEXPrivate Key Compromised—
26 Jan 2018Coincheck$534.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
19 Dec 2017Youbit—CEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
19 Nov 2017Tether$31.0mTokenPrivate Key Compromised—
27 Apr 2017Yapizon$4.8mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
13 Oct 2016Bitcurex$1.5mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
02 Aug 2016Bitfinex$72.0mCEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
07 Apr 2016ShapeShift$230,000CEXPrivate Key Compromised—
15 Aug 2015BTER$1.6mCEXPrivate Key Compromised—
22 May 2015Bitfinex$329,000CEXHot Wallet Key Compromised—
18 Feb 2015KipCoin$728,000CEXPrivate Key Compromised—
17 Feb 2015BTER$1.8mCEXPrivate Key Compromised—
29 Jul 2014Cryptsy$9.6mCEXPrivate Key Compromised—
17 Feb 2014Picostocks$4.4mCEXPrivate Key Compromised—
07 Feb 2014Mt. Gox$470.0mCEXPrivate Key Compromised—

Amounts are DefiLlama’s estimates and can change as incidents are revalued. Its returned figure can include money a company repaid itself, not only funds recovered from attackers. Source: DefiLlama.

Cite this Bitminer.io, “Key Compromise hacks”, data to 2 November 2026, https://bitminer.io/ledger/failures/method/key-compromise/. How this is built